Islam and the Environment: Our Duty as Stewards of the Earth

Long before environmentalism became a global movement, Islam established comprehensive principles of stewardship over Allah's creation. **The Concept of Khalifah (Stewardship)** Allah appointed humans as Khalifah (stewards/trustees) on earth: 'And it is He who made you successors upon the earth.' (6:165) This means we are caretakers, not owners, of the earth's resources. **Prohibition of Fasad (Corruption)** Allah commands: 'And do not cause corruption on the earth after it has been set in order.' (7:56) Environmental destruction is considered fasad — a serious sin. **Water Conservation** The Prophet (SAW) prohibited wasting water even at a flowing river. He performed Wudu with just a mudd of water (about 250ml). This prophetic teaching, 1,400 years ago, is a direct instruction against water waste. **Tree Planting** The Prophet (SAW) said: 'If the Hour (of judgment) is about to be established and one of you has a palm shoot in his hand, let him plant it.' Planting trees is a Sadaqah Jariyah. **No Wasteful Consumption** Allah says: 'Eat and drink, but do not waste. He does not like those who waste.' (7:31) This principle applies to food, water, energy, and all resources. **Animal Welfare** The Prophet (SAW) gave rights to animals. He forbade animal fights, unnecessary slaughter, and burning of ants. A woman entered Hellfire for mistreating a cat; a man entered Paradise for giving water to a thirsty dog. **During Umrah** Even in Ihram, the prohibition of harming any living creature (insects, plants, birds) reflects Islam's built-in environmental ethic.